SOME APPLICATIONS OF THE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) IN THE MEDICINE
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Abstract
The authors report the modern applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to the medicine. That is the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the magnetic resonance spectroscopy in-vivo (MRS), functional nuclear magnetic resonance (fNMR), diffusion tensor_MRI (dt_MRI), and their close relationship. These methods are exact, powerful tools for the detection and characterization of the diseases on the basis of the physical, biochemical properties of the systems.
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Keywords
MRI, MRS, fMRI
References
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[2] E.Bloch, W.W.Hansen, M.Packard, Phys. Rev 127 (1946)
[3] F.Bloch Nuclear induction, Phys.Rev . 70 460 (1946)
[4] A.Abragam. The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism, Oxford Univ Press, Oxford 1983
[5] A.Losche Kerninduktion. W.Academ. Verlag, Berlin 1961
[6] R.R. Ermt, G.Bodenhausen, A.Wokaun. Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in one or two dimensions, Claredon, Press, Orford 1982
[7] K.Wuthrich. NMR of Protein and Nucleic Acids, Wiley New York 1986
[8] P.Mansfield J. Phys. C4 1444 (1971)
[9] P.C Lauterbur. Nature 242, 190 (1973)
[10] P.Mansfield, P.G. Morris: NMR Imaging in Biomedicine, New York, Acad. Press 1982
[11] I.J.Cox, J. exp. Tech. of Phycis, 38 (1990)
[12] E.M.Haacke, R.W. Brown, M.P. Thompson, R. Venkatesan Nuclear Magnetic Imaging, Viley - liss, Lanada 1999
[13] N.Salibi, M.A.Brown: Clinical MR Spectroscopy Wiley. Liss, Canada 1998.
[14] S.Laureys, Scientific American, 5.2007.